Summarizing and contrasting two Explanatory Theories Essay

Social progress toers apply theories according to how they take battalion in the context of their ludicrous circumstances, besides theories in brotherly earn ar total as they bleed and explain kind work practices. This examine will attempt to summarize psychodynamic and systems theories, bring out similarities and differences and contrasting the application of the two instructive theories and a practice supposition to the facial expression scenario of bloody shame & angstrom unit Patrick.Psychodynamic TheoriesAccording to Preston-Shoot and Agass (1990), Psychodynamic theories derives from Freud and has been spread out and modified subsequently by the work of Jung, Hollis, Melanie Klein and object-relations theorists, as well as Goldstin and egotism psychology. Other influences atomic number 18 Bowlby and Howes fond regard system and a major power akin Erikson developmental theories. Walsh (2010), suggest that psychodynamic theories underscore upon the inter l augher between conscious and unconscious(p) forces (p.32). Furthermore, Freud describes the wideness of unconscious thought processes and defence mechanisms in determining military man behaviour and human motivation (p.34). Moreover, psychodynamic theories place importance on olden experiences in shaping disposition unchangeable things in the past argon causing a persons pass on behaviour (Payne, 1997, p. 92). Addition exclusivelyy, Brearley as cited in Lishman (2007), describes that psychodynamic thinking concerns certain key descents, resembling self and signifi send wordt other, past and present experience, and inner and outer reality.Hence, near of the underlying concepts of psychodynamic theories atomic number 18 Freuds structural feign of the psyche the id, ego and superego and the mental deportmentspan as operating on several(prenominal) aims The conscious, the preconscious and the unconscious. Moreover, singulars develop defensive strategies to protect thems elves from irritating experiences thus the concepts of defence mechanisms such as denial, projection, splitting, rationalisation, sublimation and regression (Walsh 2010). Finally, other all important(predicate) concepts to figure argon anxiety, ambivalence, coping, transference, countertransference and inner world.Systems systemTrevithick (2012), indicates that systems scheme emphasises upon ground the transactions between people and their surround. This speculation recognises that a range of systems, including the intrapersonal and interpersonal, as well as neighbourhood and nightspot impact respective(prenominal)s. Additionally, Healy (2005) suggests that transactions between person-environment are complex and non-linear. According to Healy (2005), Florence Hollis introduced the term systems scheme to social work. She articulates some ways in which social proles could intervene in the leaf nodes environment. Yet, one of the founders of general systems theory was Be rtalanffy, who proposed that all inter- races between elements form the all told and recognise that all part of the system can never be in all separated from individually other.Another important proponent is Bronfenbrenner who proposes an ecological theory that centres on the relationship between the developing individual and the changing environmental systems, Bronfenbrenner suggests that the environment has an heart on the behaviour and how this is expressed (Guavian & Cole 1994). The social work tally has expanded this side to explain that an individual is constantly creating, restructuring, and adapting to the environment as the environment is affecting them (Ungar, 2002). Additionally, Gordon Hearn and his colleagues pioneered the application of this theory to social work and Pincus, Minahan, Golstein, Germain, Gitterman, and Carol Meyer presented systems practice models. In recent years, Colin Peile proposed complex systems ideas in social work (Healy 2005).Furthermor e, The different relationships of development called the microsystems mesosystems and macrosystems are central concepts in systems theory. Microsystems, which tie in to the relationship between a person and the speedy environment, such as school and family. Macrosystems refer to institutional patterns such as the economy, impost and policy. Other concepts such as homeostasis, defined as the tendency of a biologic organism to seek and keep some kind of operating balance in its internal process (Leighninger, 1978, p.448). Finally, other fundamental concepts to debate are input, feedback, roles, boundaries and subsystems.Similarities and differencesIndeed, both psychodynamic and systems theories in social work wear been alter from theories originated in other disciplines, most notably from psychology and biology. Similarly, Psychodynamic and systems theories have been criticised beca character m any of the concepts are difficult to understand and apply. In contrast, Trevith ick (2012) indicates that for Freud and all later psychoanalytic theorists, the unconscious is the central concept, which differentiates psychoanalytic perspectives from systems theories. Furthermore, psychodynamic places attention on past experiences affecting current behaviour, whereas systems look at present circumstances impacting the individual. Finally, it is possible to formulate that psychodynamic theories focus on the individuals behaviour, whereas systems locate individuals within their wider contexts.Case scenario bloody shameFrom a systems perspective, a social proletarian could start by considering bloody shames family and social supports. It would be a swell idea to use an ecomap for Mary and her family to contact data and analyse the impact that quintuple systems are having in her situation. From an ecosystem perspective, the social worker could promote a supportive lodge for Mary. For instance, at a micro level the social worker could avail Mary with the foste r family or child take arrangements so that she does not have to displace so far with her baby, and so it is slight stressful for her to go on visit her other children. Other considerations to take into chronicle could be exploring if Mary has anyone to whom she can invert in times of crisis, or if she has any friends, family, religious or community groups that can support her, or if social isolation is placing Mary at greater risk. Furthermore, exploring her relationship with her husband and visiting arrangements in jail. At a meso level, the social worker could consider external resources to stand by her financially so she can avow her housing or alternatives for work or training.By applying psychodynamic theory, a social worker could consider whether Marys lost of her parents have contri aloneed to her unconscious conflicts or if other experiences of her past are affecting her mental stability. Furthermore, psychodynamic theories could be utilize to reasonableness M arys and the childrens life stages and developmental take. Is Mary procedure as a responsible mature? Is she able to appreciate the developmental needs of her children, especially her infant? Moreover, psychodynamic theory could be applied to interpret ways in which Marys defence mechanisms whitethorn be functioning. What role does denial play in the appraisal of her situation? From a strengths perspective, good practice would be to approach her isolation. It would be good to encourage her to allow in more positive social interactions and use available resources. Moreover, recognizing the strengths that Mary possesses, reinforcing Marys capacity for wanting to seek help and empowering her to continue addressing her mental illness. Likewise, acknowledging her resilient characteristics.From this perspective the social worker needs to positively engage with Mary by inquire good questions. This may involve asking How have you managed to keep going? What would you want to see hap pening? What visions do you have for the future? What are you proud of? What would you like to change? How can I help you to achieve this change? In conclusion, each of these theoretical positions makes an important contribution to our understanding for practice. Both psychodynamic and systems theories have their strengths and weakness but can be helpful for understanding the clients situation. Although a theory might seem to fit to a service-user, this doesnt necessarily mean that this is the set up understanding of that persons life so even if a theory appears to work, it is important to remain open-minded and maintain our reflective thinking. Likewise, when evaluating a theorys applicability, social workers must consider whether the theories are helpful to understanding and/or responding to their clients circumstances.ReferencesGuavian, M. Cole, M. (1994). Readings on the Development of Children. bionomic Models of human development, NY FreemanHealy, K. (2005) Social acidulate Theories in Context Creating Frameworks for fare. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire New York Palgrave MacmillanLeighninger, R. (1978) Systems Theory, Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 5, 448-66. Retrieved from http//0web.b.ebscohost.com.alpha2.latrobe.edu.auLishman, J. (2007). Handbook for Practice Learning in Social convey and Social Care Knowledge and Theory. capital of the United Kingdom Philadelphia Jessica Kingsley PublishersPayne, M. (1997). Modern Social spend a penny Theory. Chicago, IL Lyceum.Preston Shoot, M. and Agass, D. (1990) Making Sense of Social Work Psychodynamics, Systems and Practice. Basingstoke Macmillan.Trevithick, P. (2012). Social Work Skills and Knowledge A Practice Handbook. Maidenhead McGraw-Hill/Open University begUngar, M. (2002). A Deeper, More Social bionomic Social Work Practice. Social renovation Review, 2(16), 231-248.Walsh, J. (2010). Theories for Direct Social Work Practice. Belmont, Cal Wadsworth Cengage Learning.