What problems are currently encountered in schooling with regard to Essay

What problems ar currently encountered in schooling with see to it to issues of gender or race or class How would your inclinationl education system tackle these issues - Essay drillIn the UK schools, classrooms have children from different race, class, religion, and customs. So, the children in their development stage, mentally and physically interact with children of different ethnic groups and social status. These interactions can turn no-account if the right kind of attention is not given by the education system. Gender discrimination in school is another problem that can have bad effects on growing child as it is the time when children start exploring themselves and start recognizing their part in the society.As per the reports in the late 2009, racial problems among the UK school children touched up to 40,000 cases, which give us an idea that its growing as an issue of national importance. The cases include all categories of pupil right from immemorial school to higher s chool level. Mostly, in cases where a toddler or primary school children is twisting in calling nick names or jokes that have racial inclination, its never taken into notice that these small kids are not aware of the length and depth of the word racism. more of these cases involving school children are those which can be solved within the classroom with a well indispensable involvement and attention of the teacher. The problem of racial issue gets an unwanted attention when the local authorities and media are involved and the teachers are required to report and fill in the forms regarding the issue. This is the time when the existence of racial region gets into the mind of young children. The Race Relations Act 2000 was enacted to remove the discrimination under close musing of public authorities and schools. They had to detect the reflection of the form _or_ system of government with regard to educational achievements of students from various races. In 2002, the policy newl y included certain other regulations in school by which each school has to observe and inform any kind of racial events to the concerned local

Weapons, Personal Protection and Use of Force Essay

Weapons, face-to-face Protection and Use of contract - Essay ExampleHeller, in the year 2008, the Supreme Court of US held that the second amendment empowers a psyche to have a gun for personal use. It allows various(prenominal)s to keep loaded gun for personal safety and security. In the case of McDonald v Chicago in the year 2010, the Supreme Court admitted the rights of states and the federal government (Gutmacher, 2006). blazon Laws of the US In the United States of America the sale, purchase and possession of firearms and their use come under the horizon Weapons laws. State laws of each state differ from each other and atomic number 18 not dependent on federal firearms laws. However, sometimes they are wide and sometimes they are narrow in terms of its scope. contract the example of some of the states which have put ban on assault weapon which are exchangeable in nature of federal assault weapons bans. There are 44 States wherein state constitutions are akin to the Sec ond Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. The names of those states are California, Iowa, Maryland, Minnesota, New Jersey, and New York. The statutory civil rights of the New York are mistakable to the Second Amendment of the US Constitution. In the McDonald v Chicago it was held by the Supreme Court that the protections of the Second Amendment are applicable against state governments (Lott, 2010). The owners of the fire arms are to abide by the laws of state where they live in. It has postal code to do with their place of temporary or permanent residence. The weaponry laws vary from state to state. The State of Florida allows an individual to carry concealed weapons and firearms. In many states, an individual is not allowed to carry out firearms therefore, it is necessary to take for the state laws of weapons where one intends to visit (Lott, 2010). In so many states of US, firearms laws are restrictive and have no comparison with federal firearms laws. However, the state and local police are not legally bound to survey with federal weaponry laws (Lott, 2010). Personal Protection Eligibility Criteria In secernate to possess firearms for personal safety and security, the US citizen has to meet the following requirement (Eligibility Requirements for a License to Carry Firearms) legal resident 21 geezerhood of age No outstanding warrant No current restraining order / suspension / surrender order No confinement for drug dependency or for use of alcoholism. In case of cured for addiction / alcoholism, pack registered physician certificate No confinement to hospital for mental illness. On rehabilitation, an individual has to submit a certificate from registered physician that now he or she is fit for use of firearms in his or her self defense Permanent disqualifiers are those offenses who are punishable for more than 2 years of imprisonment. Personal protection as per US law is a complex right. On the one hand, it gives honors to the inherent rights of a citiz en to keep and use firearms for personal safety and security. The provision of firearms to each and every citizen has shaken the faith and pledge of the citizens in the rule of law. The issuance of firearms license means that the states or federal government absolved from its source and foremost responsibility to maintain law and order in their administrative jurisdiction. By virtue of give right, one can take his or her revenge from any other person or to limit someone with the use of firearms to settle his or her score (Mauser, 1996). However, use of firearms for personal protection can be differentiated from all other reasons of using firearms. Personal protect

Sexism in workplacements in services sector and how that affects the Essay

Sexism in workplacements in services sector and how that affects the unhurt organizational structure of a business - Essay ExampleThe broadening of the expression sexism has promoted the denomination of sexism, classism, in addition to even sexism at workplace, together with the well recognized exclusiveness. In spite of their app arnt effectiveness, completely these provisions have the excellence of descriptions. During the practice of a few they disclose definite self-righteousness, a self-belief that we argon better than them. an additional expression that has had a little transmission is heterosexism, distinct as the supposition that directness along with its institutional structures are the single legitimate moreover communally advantageous understanding, moreover that straight person principles have got to overcome, without adaptation. regrettably, within the political practice of sexism non supportive corporations the expression tends to be conflict-ridden turning away fro m the prospective associates within the civil rights resistance who go on to be heterosexual. It tends to a grouping in look to of pluralistic broadmindedness of its principles as well as life habits to come into green goddess to denigrate those of the mainstream.Contemporary industrial civilization is experie... hat heterosexuality along with its institutional structures are the single legitimate moreover communally advantageous understanding, moreover that heterosexual principles have got to overcome, without adaptation. regrettably, within the political practice of sexism non supportive corporations the expression tends to be conflict-ridden turning away from the prospective associates within the civil rights resistance who go on to be heterosexual. It tends to a grouping in search of pluralistic broadmindedness of its principles as well as life habits to come into sight to denigrate those of the mainstream.JustificationContemporary industrial civilization is experiencing speed y technical as well as communal alteration, moreover within the route of this changeover it is impracticable to anticipate what the eventual preparations will be. At the same time as the conversation of sexism has time and again been intense as well as metaphorical, attentive onlookers of social course of action have got to stay behind and thus thankful to it for hoisting inwrought questions of human self-esteem as well as influence. It has been practically 40 years ever since it was de jure banned within the workplace. For that reason on the exterior the whole thing seems to be fine. The distaffs of all ages are excited and are outshining at school as well as university moreover are toward the internal the place of work within numbers equivalent to men. It is now against the law to reimburse a female less than a man, give notice to her when she becomes expectant, or else turn her downhill for encouragement on the metrical foot that she is female. The elements and occurrences o f Sexism otherwise sexual aggravation is explained as favoritism otherwise obnoxious behavior toward an individual that

Leadership - Self Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership - Self Analysis - Coursework ExampleLeading aims at bringing change in an organization. It also involves freehanded inspiration to people. In leadership there is a lot of motivation that is carried out. In any job, there comes a time when one feels like giving up, the drive to work is not there. At such moments employees need to be motivated to work. What is important to have is that my motivation within the leadership premise should stem from what the results are and what kind of challenges I need to memorial tablet over a period of time. This would involve that I remain in line with achieving these results through the challenges that I have to face e real now and then. Leadership is dependent a great deal on how different situations are handled and what kind of authority the people enjoy when they are assumed as leaders. This would mean that they have to undertake difficult and easy assignments both with a sense of doing something right for not wholly their own selv es but also the organizational under contexts. Leadership is an important entity in this day and era because it extracts the exceed possible mileage out of the related equations and gives the people what they direly require in terms of management, picture and power that are exercised by the leader. I opine that these characteristics of leadership find out the exact alkali of strengths that remain hidden within a person and thus derive where he is making the best use of the same and where he is lacking on the same front. Leadership always derives its basis from doing things when they return the most and performing them in a regular manner so as to achieve sizable results consistently. I would like to be a leader who could respond to others to provide them with direct answers and replies, and then impersonate to the subject under consideration. I would also like to stress on logic and provide tension on the related point under discussion. This would allow freedom for achieving personal milestones and goals (Zaleznik, 1989). However, what I appreciate active leadership is that it gives one the freedom to explore the nuances of business and handling people, and in telling the leader where and how he can move about to achieve solid results and goals at the end of the day. The aspect of learning cannot be denied its due role within the under contributeing of leadership. If the leaders stop gaining insights, it would be difficult for them to pace earlier with the changing times, and it would make their lives very difficult. As far as the concentration is on leadership, I suppose at different stages of ones career, an individual has to exhibit certain set of skills and qualities, which make him stand out like nobody else. He has to portray the best of his character and bring out what is not prove in the rest of the populace. He has to lead by example, a thing which people of present times usually lack and which is not that easily found in our society. Simi larly, at the top level, it is very significant to have a clear mind whereby the person can think way beyond his understanding as well as ask of his subordinates to carry out his instructions with accuracy and wisdom. free to say, a leader at a senior position has to understand that he/she is the ultimate old geezer and without his proper vision and goals, there can be no other person to fill the leisure which would be created if his thinking and mindset are just not prompt and in the right place. A leader is a person who aims to bring out his best in relationships with the people around him as he constantly asks of

Homelessness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

dispossessedness - Essay ExampleThese people include those who live in sub-standard housing or in overcrowded or undesirable conditions, persons who sleep in a public or private place non designed for human sleeping, those who reside in a stateless shelter, a domestic violence centre. Causes of homelessness interchange from but generally include high unemployment rates, family violence, closure of large mental facilities, weak family ties, political instability, uprising housing costs, poverty, drug abuse, natural calamities, and the tailcellation of government-supported housing programs (Hargrave Web). In any given night in America, close 750,000 men, women, and children are homeless. Single men who are homeless amount to 44 percent, single women 13 percent, families with children 36 percent, and unaccompanied minors seven percent. In totality, about 50 percent African-American, 35 percent white, 12 percent Hispanic, 2 percent Native American and 1 percent Asian are homeless (Chicago Alliance Web). The big question remains to be how we can remove the homeless from the streets in a reasonable manner. I strongly support that we can remove the homelessness from the American streets by offering financial, material, or informal jobs.Probable solutions are on trial regarding the issue of homelessness and there is a belief that this is possible. Indeed, Homeless Internationalsupports slum dwellers to improve their lives and find lasting solutions to urban poverty and homelessness (Homeless International Web). Additionally, The Housing first base strategy from a Harlem-based group proposes a solution to the homelessness menace by providing financial support. Moreover, the Project downtown in Miami offers significant moral and material support to the homeless hence promoting their probable exit from the streets (Project downtown Web). In fact, Atlantas Mr. Sibley argues that once a person has a decent place to live, then he can precede his life from there. In addition, The Everyone Deserves a Roof nonprofit

Ethical Behavior of Business Students at Rocky University Essay

Ethical Behavior of care Students at restive University - Essay ExampleThis, in turn has raised a critical concern, as the number of students graduating from the university will not acquire the required and appropriate expertise along with knowledge (Prenshaw & et al., 2001).Rocky University had been facing problems related to cheating activities due to which the Dean took the initiative of resolving this issue through conducting a survey. The Dean strongly believed that by conducting this survey, the existing ethical behavior of the business students belonging to the university could be evaluated. For this survey, 90 business students were selected from Rocky University so as to determine the proportion of students who were pursue in cheating maculation pursuing their degree course. From the survey conducted, it could be revealed that a total of 71 mannish students were engaged in cheating occupation, while a total of 58 female students were involved in the same. The cheating activity mainly includes the practices of copying from internet photocopying others during exams and collaborating on the projects that had been already allocated to the students individually. This can be better understood with the alleviate of the following tabular representation.From the above table, it can be identified that bug out of 90 business students surveyed in the university, 34 students have been engaged in practices of copying from the internet. Amongst these 34 students, it could be revealed that 18 male students were engaged in the practices of copying from internet and the remaining 16 female students had undertaken the similar practice. This provides an idea that the proportion of male students copying from the internet is more as compared to female students. As per the above depicted table, it can as well as be apparently observed that out of 90 students, a total of 46 students had copied in their exam, out of which 26 and 20 students were

Coursework 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

1 - Coursework Example3. utilise the data from the Venn Diagram below, 7 movies on DVD had fights but non explosions or car crashes. ( U = movies on DVD collection, C = movies with car crashes, F = movies with fights, E = movies with explosions)4. (a) Since we have 3 sets in discussion, the membership table that we shall be using requires 23=8 rows. Each of these rows represents a unique cabal of possible membership values. (1 = the element is a member of the corresponding set, 0 = the element is not a member)To find out if the two sets A U (B C) and A (B U C) are equal, we look at their corresponding columns and see if corresponding rows have the same values. The membership table clearly shows that the 5th and seventh columns do not have the same entries in corresponding rows, thus the two sets are not equal.This example seems to contradict the previous conjecture that A U (B C) and A (B U C) are not equal. However, as we can see from the membership table, this example simply illustrates one of the cases when the two sets are

Tx gov Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tx gov - set about ExampleThe death penalty has been utilized for a large number of years because of the physiological affright it exacts on the individuals who witness and find out about capital punishment.The utilization of this form of punishment has served to lessen rates of crime and adjust the brains of future criminals to dissuade them against carrying out terrible erroneousnesss like murder, injustice, terrorism, espionage and kidnappings. Backers say it discourages wrongdoing while abolitionists say it is illegal (Siegel 121). The most noticeably awful repulsiveness of the criminal justice modelling is the execution of an innocent individual. Over a long period of time, proof has demonstrated an unsatisfactorily spunky risk of sentencing innocent individuals in a criminal justice framework that is so defective.A some late executions have demonstrated that deadly injection which is rampantly used for executions can frequently be agonizing and inclined to failure that e nds up torturing the executed individual. Lately, as pharmaceutical makers have move back consent to utilize their medications in executions, states have much of the time neglected to acquire safe options and been compelled to blot out their executions under shrouds of mystery. The outcome has been an absence of responsibility for state governments in connection to mess up executions (Sorensen and Pilgrim 12).A method for defending capital punishment is that is seen as a technique which can be make into an exhibition for the general public. This thus builds up the manner of thinking that those found guilty are no longer wanted to be part of human society and thus must be dealt with in a way that is esteemed proper. According to Chenwi (59), the human rights as natives of the United States apply to the upright and faithful individuals and the bad individuals in equal measure.Many people argue that death penalty makes the families of the murdered

What Business Is Zara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What Business Is Zara - try on ExampleThe essay What Business Is Zara investigates Zara business model. GAP introduces new line clothing not on a regular basis but approximate once in a year. This is during periods when its gross sales are lofty. Sales are high about thirteen weeks a year during the back to school/ work and holiday periods. GAP, Inc does not comprise its clothes it is a retailer company sourcing its clothes from various factories. GAP makes its money majorly through sales and partly through return on assets and debt. Its financial performance is given by financial ratios which implicate return on sales, leverage ratio, solvency ratio and liquidity ratios. Zara business model is unique and distinct from others because it has interpreted control of its supply chain independently. It understands the market and its demands. Use of technology technology has enabled Zara to communicate directly with its employment centers and designers. It has also facilitated direct placement of ordr4s by shop managers basing on the demands of that region. Understanding customers demand. Zara produces new collections every troika weeks and this is done after analysis of the design in most demand by customers through the store managers. Use of personal digital assistance. Store managers use PDAs to place orders as requested by customers. This has facilitated clock delivery as it has allowed a customer to even get the product within two days. creation customer based. Zara send group of commercials to different countries in which its stores are located to observe the style.

New Skills for Career fulfillment and Job Satisfaction Essay

New Skills for Career fulfillment and Job Satisfaction - Essay ExampleThe Saudi trade business plays an important part in the economic decisions of many countries with quite a few economies level(p) directly to it, with many being indirectly affected thereby. The position I am aiming for is influential and so and it is, therefore, imperative that the candidates for the position have the finest and most up to date education possible. This is exactly what I contain from my proposed program of study at this esteemed educational establishment i.e. I expect that enrolling for, and then obtaining, this power point would enable me to stand next to, if not ahead of, the finest qualified people in this field as this program offers a state of the art syllabus. To ensure getting a glimpse of the bigger picture, I opted for International Business and Information Systems (IBIS) as a major for my undergraduate studies, at the University of Tampa, Florida. This was to study the push of compute r technology and information systems on global business(es). I believe it is time to further gear my knowledge and skills in the international trade area by enrolling in the M.Sc. Finance program. The combination, I believe, forget give me the skills needed to enter the race towards my objectives and put me ahead of the competition in achieving them. I am honoured to be considered for the M.Sc. Finance program and greatly appreciate you going through my application. I shall eagerly regard forward to being accepted into the Texas A&M University-Commerce community, and am anticipating a positive response from your end.

Information and Communication Technologies Research Paper

Information and Communication Technologies - Research Paper ExampleOver time customers have locomote more and more demanding when it comes to quality of food and of fine dining (Gundersen, Heide, & Olsson, 1996). Hoteliers have admitted that there is an increase in competition when it comes to restaurants and the quality of food being provided to the customer. One of the reasons of the increase in competition is the creation of refreshing concepts. Moreover exposure given to chefs and cooking experts by media has significantly raised the expectations of customers (Boone, 2008). Furthermore food served at restaurants in a hotel tends to act as a factor in determining a hotels position in the market (Boone, 2008). A guest at a hotel tends to judge the hotel base on the dining experience that he or she has (Gundersen, Heide, & Olsson, 1996). Business objectives and strategies The business objectives of the restaurant can be change integrity into two main categories increase revenue generated and cut down unnecessary expenditures of the restaurant. ... The second show up is based on arranging a celebrity night at the restaurant that would help attract a number of customers to the restaurants (Fine, 2010). Contacting celebrities would depend upon the restaurant owners PR and his or her network (Fine, 2010). The third approach would be marketing about the restaurant via the internet (Bailey, 2011). Online advertising would be the main tool utilize for promoting the restaurant over the internet (Janoschka, 2003). Through online marketing the management of the restaurant would be able to quarter its message across to a large number of potential customers (Janoschka, 2003). Online advertising makes use of social media websites, smooth advertising and display advertising (Janoschka, 2003). To help increase the profit margin a price trembling model would be implemented at the restaurant. The model is based on two basic activities. The starting line activity is t o increase the prices on the menu when the traffic within the restaurant is at its highest peak, which is during lunch and dinner time (Schmidg totally, Hayes, & Ninemeier, 2002). The second activity is regarding the improvement of the menu. The menu can be improved by removing all those items that are least favorites of the customers. By removing such items from the menu the restaurant would be able to reduce the apostrophize of production and hence helping it increase its overall profit margin. Removing an item from the menu must entirely be done after a careful analysis (Schmidgall, Hayes, & Ninemeier, 2002). To achieve the third objective of the restaurant, that is to amplification customer loyalty, various promotions and rewards would be offered to customers

Airline Industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Airline patience - Assignment ExampleThis entails enhancing overall channelise travel and commercialize penetration, given the uniqueness of the European market in terms of labor costs, market size, air travel substitutes, deregulation measures and new-play entry prospects. In the inception section, the report provides a general view of the European airline industry. The report will also let in a summary of the PESTLE analysis (in tabular form), opportunities and threats facing the European airline industry. The reflective report section provides the insights into the processes and factors that affect the industry the industry. The conclusion part will provide an overview of the case study (European airwave industry). Since 1919, countries, especially in Europe, had sovereign rights over the airspace in their territories. National governments took responsibility to regulate the industry. However, from 1944, countries began place rules touching on economic rights in the aviatio n industry. For example, the U.S. called for an open skies policy through a five-sided agreement. However, European nations called for the formation of an international regulatory authority to regulate issues such as capacity and travel fees to build the industry. Since then, the European airline industry has changed, thereby promoting competition. Given the diverse issues discussed above, issues specific to Europes aviation sector affect the nature of new entry airline performance and overall competitiveness. superior and Sickles (1997) assert that cost implications affect overall airfare, time-utility, overall efficiency and effectiveness of industry players in promoting air travel as the preferred means of transport in Europe. This captures both short- and long-haul travel be it goods, payload or passenger travel.

Code of Ethics Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Code of morality Paper - Essay Examplebusiness, if only to function as risk-management mechanisms included here is the designing of unanimity codes and course of action, or more popularly known as code of conduct or ethics (Baker 2006 p. 46).Regardless whether they are referred to as codes of conduct, codes of ethics or any other terms, the community nowadays expects captain and business organizations to possess codes that determine the guiding standards and norms of proper mien demanded of their constituents. It is all the time more customary for individual business enterprises to also acknowledge the advantages of having these particular codes, advantages that are functional not merely to the businesses themselves but as well as to the effect of those organizations, and to their shareholders.The progress of a code of ethics within a business organization is fragment of an essential communication mechanism. It facilitates management to put emphasis to the employees of the co mpany the norms of behavior which they should abide by. It provides regulation and direction to employees who are faced with difficult decisions-making problems while carrying out their tasks thereby it contributes to the instauration of a suitable moral environment within the organization. As such, it can function as a tool for the assimilation of new employees into the principles of the company.General Electric, one of the most successful corporations in the world, has issued one hatful of policies to put into effect its Code of Conduct and to lend a hand of integrity to GE personnel all over the world. The fundamental duties of all employees and managers, consequences and penalties for infringements and how to deal with an integrity problem are discussed in their booklet. Nevertheless, the following are the principles embedded in GEs code of conduct (General Electric 2004 p. 3)These policies should be obeyed by GE directors, officer, employees, subsidiaries and other controlled affiliates, non-controlled

Examination of historical context Research Paper

Examination of historical context - Research Paper ExampleBut preceding(prenominal) all these, the question of the status of Jerusalem is perhaps the most complex and intractable. Placing this modern problem in a historical context can help us to understand why this city is at the heart of every talk of Middle East peace.The establishment of Jerusalem as the capital of a united Judaic state is a great source of subjectistic pride for secular and spiritual Jews a uniform. David the King made it his seat of power and it remained as such for nearly 1,000 years. In addition to this national pride felt for this place, the hallowed nature of Jerusalem binds the Jews to his place as well. Jerusalem was the site of the start temple built by Solomon. The remaining wall of the second, reconstructed temple still stands and is considered a sacred site for modern orthodox Jews. For reasons both nationalistic and religious, Jerusalem is a vital place for Jewish identity. This is clear from t he sacred writing found in the Nevim where it states, Rejoice for Jerusalem and be glad for her, any you who love her Join in her Jubilation, All you who mourned over her forI will extend to her Prosperity like a stream, The wealth of nations like a wadi in flood. (Isaiah 6610,12). It may be this fervor for authoritative Jerusalem that led the Israelis to declare Jerusalem as the capital of their new nation in 1949, further two years subsequently agreeing that it should be a divided, internationally controlled heritage city. In 1980, Israel did away with any partitioning, declaring Jerusalem a unified city.Christians look with a religious attachment to Jerusalem because so overmuch of the life of Jesus Christ occurred there. Sacred sites such as the hill of Golgotha and the Garden of Gethsemane gestate long attracted pilgrims from all over the world. The attachment to Jerusalem took a decidedly political turn for Christians after its annexation by Muslims. In 1095, at the urgi ng of Pope Urban II, Christians took up arms to

Cost Concepts and Their Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

represent Concepts and Their Application - Essay ExampleExamples argon number of units of output and direct outwear hours (Datar, Horngren, & Foster 1999, p. 27 - 58).Costs be classified so that data obtained from them will be useful to management. Costs bed be classified (1) by the nature of the cost items, (2) with respect to the accounting period, (3) by their tendency to take off with the aim of natural action, (4) by their relation to the product (product costing), and (5) for analysis or decision making (Datar, Horngren, & Foster 1999, p. 27 - 58 The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 2000). In a manufacturing concern, the two main types of cost items are manufacturing be or factory be and commercial expenses. Examples of manufacturing be include direct material be, direct labour costs, and factory overheads. Examples of commercial expenses include selling and distribution costs, administration costs, and financial costs. With respect to the accounting p eriod, costs could be capital expenditure or revenue expenditure. Capital expenditure is intended to benefit prospective periods and classified as an asset. For example, the purchase of fixed asset is a capital expenditure. Revenue expenditure benefits the original period and is classified as an expense. The distinction between capital expenditure and revenue expenditure is intrinsic for proper matching of costs and revenues to accurately determine periodic profits. By their tendency to vary with the level of activity, costs could be classified as variable costs, fixed costs, semi-fixed costs or step costs, and semi-variable costs. unsettled costs are costs that vary directly in proportion to change in activity or volume of a chosen cost object. Fixed costs are costs that do not change with changes in level of activity or output over a real time period or relevant orbital cavity. Relevant range is defined as the range of activity over which the amount of fixed expenses and rat e of variability remain unchanged. This applies to all expenses, whether they are fixed, variable, or semi-variable. Semi-fixed costs or step costs are costs fixed over a certain range of output but jump to a new level when the range is exceeded. Semi-variable costs show characteristics of some(prenominal) fixed and variable costs. A minimum of some expenses has to be defended in order to maintain operational readiness. At this level of maintenance costs are fixed. Beyond this level costs endure variable. By their relation to the product (product costing), costs can be divided into direct costs and substantiative costs. Direct costs are costs that can be easily traced to the cost objects. Indirect costs are costs that cannot be easily traced to the cost objects. For the purpose of analysis and decision making, costs are classified into incremental costs, differential costs, sunk costs, avoidable costs, unavoidable costs, marginal, and opportunity costs. Incremental costs is the end in totals between two alternatives or the addition cost of making a change, such as increasing the activity level or adding a new product line. Differential costs are costs that change in response to an action. Sunk costs are costs that have been incurred in the past and that cannot be changed. It is therefore irrelevant for decision making. Avoidable costs are costs that may be avoided if an activity is discontinued or if another alternative is adopted. Unavoidable costs are

Information Security Small Businesses Research Paper

Information Security Small Businesses - Research Paper ExampleTherefore, the protection of education and selective information should be prioritized as one of the foremost steps in every organization, whether small or large. Identity theft and credit badger frauds are aggravating crimes that are witnessed due to criminal acts of data thefts. Organizations around the world tend to suffer such(prenominal) thefts that jeopardize their reputation, and often face lawsuits from their clients. One such resultant was witnessed last year with Sony PlayStation when their PlayStation network in the British division faced data theft. The shielder (2011) reported that around 77 million users data was stolen. The stolen information included names, addresses, date of births, passwords and credit card numbers. The data thefts of such nature are likely to cause credit card frauds and bank frauds firearm attempting identity thefts. The online games service had to remain shut down for a week since they did not want the incident to recur before appropriate measures were taken to combat the bam. Richmond Williams (2011) verbalize that such an enormous attack was likely to damage the reputation of Sony and threaten its capability to compete with other giant competitors such as Apple, Google, etc. It is similarly vital to ensure that information security measures are updated regularly to stop either intruder from taking advantage of whatsoever obsolete protection software (which is often noticed in small organizations). Alongside financial losses and reputation damages, in powerful information security measures are similarly likely to instigate legal actions and investigations against organizations. With reference to the example under discussion, a lawsuit was filed against Sony for not providing abounding security to the data of their customers. The customers wanted compensation from Sony for the damages caused by the data theft at Sony. Jones (2011) stated that the resp ective company was likely to face as much as ?500,000 of fine for not organism able to protect their customers sensitive information. With the comprehension of the consequences of not implementing effective security measures, it is also most-valuable to understand the different types of vulnerabilities that exist in organizations. Confidentiality of data implies the safe keeping of data against any revelation without the approval of the owner of the information. The revelation of data might not be intentional by the organization however, the data flow that is implemented for the transfer of the data might involve some unreliable third parties that might take advantage of such exposure of data. Data integrity implies that no dislodge or corruption should happen to the data such corruption and changes are likely to occur if effective information access procedures are not implemented. Availability of data refers to the presence of data and service upon the guide of the customer and employees cyber attacks on an organization can make an online service go offline or delete important data by adopting different types of intrusions and virus attacks etc. Authenticity and non-repudiation are interrelated concepts that involve the consequence of identity of the interacting parties. Authenticity implies that the interacting

Strategic Thinker Essay Example for Free

strategical Thinker endeavorAfter reading through, the tactical planner and logistician. I would consider myself to be a strategic thinker. system has never been more challenging, or more important, than in todays environment of global competition, in which, corporate strategies essential transcend the borders of nations and markets. Too many organizations try to be anything to everyone, wasting resources in markets that may never support a worthwhile return on investment. What is strategic thinker?The ability to come up with impressive plans in line with an organizations objectives in spite of appearance a weakenicular economic situation. Strategic thinking helps business managers follow policy issues, perform long term planning, set goals and determine priorities, and identify potential risks and opportunities. Systems perspective existence able to understand implications of strategic actions. A strategic thinker always have a psychical model of the complete end-to -end system of value creation, his or her role within it, and an understanding of the competencies it contains. imprisoned focused more determined and less distractible than rivals in the marketplace. Crediting Hamel and Prahalad with popularizing the concept, Liedtka describes strategic intent as the focus that allows individuals within an organization to marshal and leverage their energy, to focus attention, to resist distraction, and to concentrate for as long as it takes to give a goal.Thinking in quantify means being able to hold past, present and while to come in mind at the same time to create better decision making and speed up implementation. Strategy is not driven by future intent alone. It is the gap between todays reality and intent for the future that is critical. Scenario planning is a practical application for incorporating thinking in time into outline making. Hypothesis driven, ensuring that both creative and critical thinking are incorporated into strategy ma king. This energy explicitly incorporates the scientific method into strategic thinking. Intelligent opportunism which means being responsive to commodity opportunities. The dilemma involved in using a well-articulated strategy to channel organizational efforts effectively and expeditiously must always be balanced against the risks of losing sight of alternative strategies better suited to a changing environment. There are two types of strategic getEmergent Strategy Emergent strategy, on the former(a) hand, is characterized by recursive learning loops, as an organization sets about on a course and so senses and reacts to opportunities that may not have been recognized at the onset. Deliberate Strategy Deliberate strategy is serve well driven. Traditional calls for strategic planning indicate a desire for an analytic and somewhat linear approach to strategy.Importance of a strategic thinkerThe purpose of Strategic Thinking is to create a strategy that is a coherent, unifying, i ntegrative framework for decisions especially about direction of the business and resource utilization. To do it, Strategic Thinking uses internal and external data, qualitative synthesis of opinions and perceptions. It is conscious, explicit, and proactive and defines competitive domain for corporate strategic advantage. Strategy is a key outcome of a relevant strategic thinking process. Tregoe and Zimmerman outlined the blood between strategy and operations in their work on strategy, Top Management Strategy What It Is and How To drive It Work Strategic DecisionsThe object of strategy is to bring about advantageous conditions within which action pass on occur. In the military machine context, this means positioning forces for best advantage and judging precisely the right importation to attack or withdraw. Strategic decisions prior to D-Day in 1944, for example, included setting the day and time of the infringement of the European mainland as well as the choice of battlegroun d. The political campaign and each battle were conducted within the boundaries of stead and time as set forth by strategy. Once strategy is determined, second tier or operational decisions can be made in the proper context. By definition, operational decisions are those that bear upon to the broad execution of strategy. In the realm of business, operational planning is usually conducted with a one-year time horizon, fitting into the context of a longer-range strategic plan. In the military, endeavors resulting from operational decisions are often called campaigns.A campaign is a series of military operations or battles carried out over a large geographical areasuch as WWII Normandyin order to achieve alarge-scale objective during a war. The operational plans for D-Day, for example, set the stage for landing hundreds of thousands of men and significant amounts of equipment and materials on five Normandy-area beaches as part of the overall strategy for taking back France and endin g the war in Europe. Other famous military campaigns include Shermans march through the Civil War South, Napoleons incursion into Russia, and Schwarzkopfs Desert Storm conflict in Iraq. The Vietnam War presents an excellent example of tactical and operational triumph but strategic failure. Shortly after the war, a victorious North Vietnamese general was approached by an American general in a diplomatic setting. You know, said the American, you never beat us on the battlefield.Pondering the comment for a moment, the Vietnamese general replied, That may be so. But it is also irrelevant. Indeed, taradiddle shows that the American military never lost a significant battle in Vietnam. The war was lost, though, at the strategic level. The mission of the United States drifted to the point that merely finding a way out was considered a successful outcome. Napoleon once said that in war, the moral is to the material as three to one. With every material advantage possible, America did not ha ve the strategic consensusor the willnecessary to get to a military victory.

Cybercrime Continue to Rise Essay Example for Free

Cybercrime Continue to pilfer EssayCybercrime is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide with more(prenominal) than a million peck becoming victims every single day, according to the Norton Cybercrime Report 2011. The victims of cybercrime alike paid dearly with a essence loss of US$388bil (RM1. 21bil) to cybercriminals in 2010. Effendy Ibrahim, director of consumer business at Symantec Asia Pacific, verbalise that cybercrimes dont all cost victims financially but emotionally too.On average, it takes 10 days for a victim to discover from a cybercrime and it can be emotional too considering the amount of data they lose, he said at the launch of Norton 2012, Symantecs latest cyber bail solution. nevertheless, victims could have saved themselves money and regret as the type of cybercrimes they barbarian victim to were preventable. The newspaper publisher found that the most common type of cybercrimes are malware, scams and threats targeted at mobile devices. However m any people tend to underestimate the dangers of online crime thinking that it will happen to everyone else but themselves.The muckle found that seven out of 10 adults thought they would more likely be a victim of physical crime rather than an online crime. This is a lingering attitude users have when they are offline and it gets replicated when they are online, Effendy said. The report also found that men, particularly those in the generation Y demographic, are most likely to find victims of cybercrimes. Men spend more time online and do more dangerous activities, Effendy said. The report stated that more men watch adult content, gamble and participate in online dating sites compared to women.All these are complaisant engineering techniques and its quite easy to fall victims to much(prenominal) tactics, Effendy said. Local threat landscape Although Malaysia wasnt in the list of countries studied in the report, national cyberspace police Cybersecurity Malaysia said the findings a re phonation of the Malaysian threat landscape. It is the same environment, so whatever that is happening in the world will unquestionably affect us the same way, said Cybersecurity Malaysia chief executive officer, Lt Col (Rtd) Prof Datuk Husin Jazri.He said the Malaysian cyberthreat landscape is no less alarming with over 10,000 cases reported every month up till August this year. Last year, Cybersecurity Malaysia received over 8,000 reports about cybercrime via its cyber999 hotline. Its Cyber Early Warning System has also detected over 5,000,000 security threats up until August. Given the increasing amount of cyberthreats, Husin said there is a need for more proactive measures to prevent more Internet users from becoming cybercrime victims and it will take more than reviewing or improving current cybersecurity laws. Amending laws take time and it is slower than the prevailing problem.We need to intensify facts of life and awareness efforts to educate users on Internet risks, h e said. Husin said Cybersecurity Malaysia is open to the idea of working with security solution providers like Symantec to come up with cybersecurity awareness programmes. Cybersecurity Malaysia already has a list of home-made security tools such as DontPhishMe, DNSwatch and MyPHPiPs that protects users from cybercriminals which can be downloaded for free. It is also working on establishing a Cyber Clinic which will offer an coarse list of cybersecurity services to computer users. The clinic is expected to be ready before the end of the year.

Final Reflection &Portfolio of Final Versions Essay Example for Free

final examination Reflection Portfolio of Final Versions EssayMy Journey as a WriterI view as accomplished a big(p) deal in the past three months. As the semester ends I find myself reflecting not only on how I fetch survived the first semester but also what I have learned. committal to writing is hard work. in that respect is so much more to it than just theme an interesting story. I also learned early(a) important lesson just because I worked hard on an turn up before presenting it and reviewed the daylights out of it did not nasty it was ready for submission. Every time I went back to read it I found new changes, typos and other mistakes I had missed before. Reviewing and revising an essay is an essential part of writing. Reviewing allows me to re frame and make changes in the essays content, organization and sentence structures. It allows me to add, remove, move or substitute words to make sure it communicates efficaciously the purpose of the essay.The task of rev iewing the essays I wrote for this words allowed me to learn and improve my writing skills as a extend my essays have evolved into more stylish and fluent pieces of writing. Out of all the essays I wrote in this course, A rule book with Nostalgic Flavor is my favorite and the one I would like to improve even further. I would know to add more content to the body of the essay and expand it by discussing specific cooking recipes and the family stories buttoned to them. I think that by making these changes the essay leave become richer and more pleasant for the reader. I have also learned how to avoid certain patterns of error often found in my writing. confining the use of complex words and use undecomposable, straightforward vocabulary instead. Using sentences that are direct and simple instead of sentences that are long and confusing.Avoiding patterns of error ensures that my writing easyly communicates its purpose and it is easy to understand. I mollify need to improve the use of punctuation signs, the use of commas to be more specific. Having a better dread of the proper use of punctuation signs helps to avoid comma splices and other mistakes that affect the natural flow a good essay needs to have. Comparing the first essay I wrote at the beginning of this course to the some recent essay I have written. I notice how my writing skills have improved, my ideas have become more developed and my essays flow better and are less awkward. Throughout this course, I have learned and grown in ways I never would have imagined. I know I still have a long way to go, but I am getting there.A Book with Nostalgic FlavorMany years have passed since I started thinking about writing a book . A book that combines my passion for cooking and the nostalgia I feel cosmos absent from my home, my family and the land I will forever hold dear, Guatemala. I remember I was just a child when my passion for cooking first awakened. It came as no surprise to me, since it was in m y grannies kitchen where some of the sweetest memories of my childhood happened. It has been almost 20 years since I left Guatemala I was just a kid back then. I would have never imagined that after so many years the most trivial memories would make me feel nostalgic.This is why I would like to redeem a book a tribute to my precious homeland and an opportunity to share those experiences and the inedible imprint they left on me. homework is a big part of family and social life in Guatemala. Cooking recipes are passed down from multiplication to generation while socializing, sharing old family stories and traditions that have been in the family for centuries. Traditions that are the backbone of our family history and a big part of Guatemalan culture. It is now up to me to pass down those traditions. It is thanks to my family, especially my grandmothers guidance and patience that I am able to keep an eye on the family recipes and traditions alive. Im looking at forward to writing t his book a testament to the invaluable heritage and the unique flavor it gives to my identity.ever-changing Our LivesEarning a stratum has a dramatic socioeconomic impact in a persons life and it is the reason thousands of working adults decide to go back to aim every year. For instance, a ground level tooshie help start or change a career, it can push forward nonrecreational development, and it can lead to a significant increase of income. Also, it provides each individual with a sense of exertion and as a result it increases self-esteem. There are countless ways in which earning a leg will impact our lives. Deciding to go back to school is the first tone of voice towards Changing Our Lives. That is only what I obdurate to do the fall of 2012, after almost 20 years I opinionated to go back to school and earn a degree. It was not an easy decision to make, the thought of beguile work, marriage and school scared me. I felt stuck, I needed to change my life and I knew that w ithout a degree it would not be possible. I make a list of all the pros and cons, and it was clear the pros outweighed the cons. Thats when I decided to enroll in school.I was not going to let anything keep me from reaping the benefits of having a degree. I will not continue to be afraid instead I will be brave and go back to school despite all the reasons and obstacles that had stopped me before. I am proud I took the first step towards changing my life forever, I am back in school. I know I am on my way to a better career and a better me. Im looking forward to the sense of accomplishment getting a degree will bring to my life and after so many years of putting it off I can finally say I am on my wayConquering my Fear of WritingI have to admit that Im not a good writer. Luckily, I can say that in my life I have not had the need to write a make out and have not faced many opportunities that required me to do so. Professionally, I was lucky enough to ever so have had someone help m e with any projects that involved heavy use of writing skills. On a personal level, I have tried as much as possible to stay away(predicate) from it because I know that I am not good at it. These are facts that I am not proud of and now I have decided to change. Registering at school is the first step I have taken towards conquering my fear of writing. My fear of writing has not helped me throughout the years. I am a firm believer that by staying away from writing and limiting my exposure to situations where I had to write I crippled myself even further. Instead of using every chance I got to write as practice and use it as a learning experience, my lack of practice only made me more afraid. I refuse to continue feeding the same cycle. I have decided to deliver my fear and I hope that by taking this class and being back in school I will be able to learn the skills necessary to write without fear.One of the worst experiences I can remember and the one that probably is the biggest r eason I am afraid of writing happened at work. I remember early in my career I was working on a report, I was aware that I was not the best writer, however, I did not think I was the worst. I decided to write the report despite my lack of writing skills only to embarrass myself beyond belief. When my supervisor reviewed it, she had cypher but horrible comments about it. I was so embarrassed I never again ventured to write anything on my own again. At this point in my life I am tired of being a bad writer, and Im tired of being afraid of writing. I want zilch more than to be able to write a paper like the one Im writing and not be afraid of turning it in. I hope that my efforts pay off and Im finally able to conquer my fear of writing.

Purchasing and supplies Essay Example for Free

tainting and supplies endeavorPurchasing can be traced as far back as 2800 BC in cuneal clay tablets purchase orders. Curiously only during the past two countries has buying been addressed in foxiness books and text books. In 1832 Charles Babbage addressed purchasing in his book On the Economy, Machinery and Manufacturing The first off book habituated specifically to purchasing, The Handling of Railway Supplies The Purchase and Disposition published in 1887 was authored by Marshall M. Kirkman. The first college textbook on purchasing was authorized by Howard T. Lewis of Harvard University in 1933.Although interest of purchasing and supply government agency has been a phenomenon in the 20th, it was recognized as independent and importing function well before 1900. maturement of interest and attention to purchasing was rather uneven in the early 1900s but by 1915, several books on get had appeared and several articles had been published in trade press in the beginning i n the engineering journals.Yet prior to World War I (1914-1918) just about firms regarded the purchase function primarily as a clerical activity. However during the world war, the ability to obtain raw materials supplies ad operate needed to keep the factories and mines operating were the 3key determinates of organisational success. Attention was given to the organization policies and procedures for purchase functions, and so it emerged as a recognized management activity. Historically since management interest has focused on research and development, marketing, finance and operations, purchasing has frequently been subordinated to these functions. Mangers are however becoming aware impact on the bottom line that does any other functions. It is with such insights the purchasing has evolved and evolves through the following four stages. hands-off stage- Purchasing function has no strategic direction and primarily reacts to the requests of other functions,This stage is characterized bya) uplifted proportion and individual communications due to purchasing low visibilityb) Supplier selections based on price and availability.Independent stage- Purchasing functions adopts the latest purchasing techniques and processes, but its strategic direction is independent of the firms hawkish strategic.In this stagea) surgical process is based primary on cost reduction and efficiency measures. b) Coordination cerebrate are established between purchasing and technical discipline.c) crystalize management recognizes the importance of professional development. d)Top management recognizes the opportunities in purchasing for contribution to profitabilitySupportive- Purchasing function support the firms private-enterprise(a) strategy by adoption purchasing techniques and products which strengthens the firms competitive positionIn this stagea) Purchase is included in sales proposal teams.b) Suppliers are considered a resource with emphases on experience motivation and attitude .c) Market product and suppliers are continuously monitored and analyzed. iv)Integrative stage- Purchasing strategy is amply integrated into the firms competitive strategy and constitutes part of an integrated effort among peers to formulate and machine a strategic plan. In this stagea) Cross-functional training of purchasing professionals executive is made availableb) perm lines of communication are established among other functional areas.c) Professional development focuses on strategic elements of the competitive strategyd) Purchasing performance is measures in terms of contributions to the firms success1.3 The Role of the Purchasing DepartmentThe purchasing department is expected by the management to fulfill the following five rights correct TimeRight Price These rights are also referred to as the principles of purchasing. In order to undertake these rights the purchasing department delineates the following as in roles To support company operations with an uninterrupted flow of materials and services.ii)To buy competitively- Keep abreast of the forces of demand and supply that regulate prices and material availability on the market consciousness suppliers cost structure and ability to help reduce it further price negotiation to help hit a fair price.To buy wisely- constant search for better vales that yield the best combination of pure tone service and price reconciling users needs with suppliers capabilities by use of cross functional teams To keep parentage investment and inventory losses at a practical minimum. To develop good relationship with suppliers familiarity and good Continuing relationship with active suppliers- good relationship with potential suppliers is invaluable.To achieve maximum integrating with other departments of the firmUnderstanding major needs of user departments and provide such support as standardization of programmes, future tense price forecasting, make or buy analysis and providing a repository of information and d ata from suppliers.To travelling bag the purchasing and supply management function proactively and in a professional cost effective manner- Continual analysis of activities to eliminate those that only marginally contribute to the effectiveness of the organization and establishing policies and procedures that achieve departments objectives in the approximately cost effective manner1.4 The Contribution of Purchasing Department to the Overall Firms Performance As a function, purchasing is common to all types of business operations. The purchasing department however is an organizational unit of a firm whose duties may include responsibility for part or all of the purchasing function and additional activities as well. As a matter of fact, the purchasing function is usually performed most effectively and efficiently by a centralized unit made of buying specialist who a time may work in conjunction with a more comprehensive cross-functional team of specialists. front to the 1950, the p urchasing department was a clerically oriented order placing unit.In the ensuing years however, managerial focus has focused onspecialization of individual buying activities, professionalism and contribution to the firms profit. This emphasis by the management on the purchasing department has been borne out to of the realization of the profit potential of purchasing as a function. Every bobsleigh saved in purchasing is equivalent to a new shilling in profit. The profit margin of a firm is usually given as.

The White Cube Museum Essay Example for Free

The White Cube Museum EssayIntroductionWhite engine block was set up by cunning dealer Jay Jopling, an ex-Estonian and son of a Conservative MP who is get married to wileistryist Sam Taylor Wood. It was first opened in a small, squ atomic number 18 room in may 1993 in Duke Street. Indeed, it was the smallest arrangement lay in Europe at the time, and yet, for such a small plaza ovalbumin stoppage became, arguably, wiz of the most influential galleries of the past decade.Situated at 44 Duke Street, St James, matchless of Londons most traditional subterfuge dealing streets, surrounded by auction houses, sexagenarian master galleries and specialist machination bookshops. The central concern of White cube was to create an intimate space in which an stratagemist could present a single important work of artifice or a coherent body of work within a focused environment. In this regard, the gallery achieved its character by being the first to give one person shows to m any of the so-called Young British mechanic YBAs.Even when it moved to its present location at Hoxton Square, it still held on to its unique gallery witness that an artist could only be exhibited once. By this time, exsanguinous cube had built up an international reputation for showing international artists such as Chuck Close, Richard Prince and Jeff Wall but interspersed with this Jay Jopling had likewise shown, cutting edge, YBAs including Gary Hume, Mona Hatoum, Marc Quinn and Sarah Lucas.Alfred H. Barr. Jr., managing director of the Museum of Modern artifice, MoMA, is credited for transforming the white cube concept into a functionalist ideology that conveyed sinlessness and restraint, hence saddle horse up the canon for modern art. On the other hand, Carol Duncan has attempted to bring out the order caused by MoMAs imposition of the masculine gaze to modern art galleries. Indeed her writings start out given feminists an impetus to show that the personal is political and hence, women can channel at that place own experiences to fragment the masculinity of the museums space. Ideally, Carol Duncan challenges the white cubes functionalist concept of purity and restraint by directing us to begin to think round female form and its cultural significance.The concept of purity and restraint conveyed by the white cubes has its basis in the ideology that introduceations of the female body can be though to be less of a static object and more as a square up point or set of exclusions, for while an image of the body of a woman can represent all that is pure or worthwhile, it can besides embody that which is thought to be the most bemire and disgusting.It is this objectivism of the female body by male artists that Duncan describes as male artists attempts to reach inductive reasoning. The white cube captures this abstraction in such a way that it bars women artists from admittance to its canon. She have the appearance _or_ semblances to portray the i dea that this canon emanates from the linear perspective point of a heterosexual male audience whose desires activated the modernism of the white cube art concept. In essence Carol Duncans main critique of MoMAs white cube is found from its perceived attempt to foster stereotypes in society.From her are led to imagine exhibition sites to be quite an the opposite of the white cube, to be social spaces based on the model of a living, responsive, organic entity. This is because to her, the white cube deliberately restricts the range of sensorial input to the viewer as works are spatially isolated in uncluttered, pristine environments characterized by large expanses of bare, unadorned wall. The cool aesthetic of the modern art institution, to her, only serves to emphasize the architecture as a functional container and a set of solid surfaces. This makes the art museum appear like a ritual site whose aesthetic exhibition, courtesy of the white cube, distinguishes viewers from art work s some(prenominal) conceptually and spatially, which is an ideal of the neutralized relationship between art and space.Emma Baker also presents a different angle to the critique on the white cube. She argues that by interpreting artistic statements concerning art and space within the expanded notion of interior space, better understandings and more appropriate solutions will result. This solutions are necessary because the modernist idea of a universalized and neutral environment for art as espoused by the white cube concept impinges on the interior space in the gallery, and therefore on the artwork.The idea of space itself is considered an ambiguity, and it is this ambiguity that the white cube concept capitalizes on, presenting an unobstructive gallery space characterized by sterile and lifeless walls. This is a marked contrast from the artists of the past who expressed their spatial concerns within the abstract notions of the interior, architecture, environment, and /or space hence there is a lot of interest expressed by artists, in negotiating concerns associated with the physical, psychological, and experiential implications of space.In as overmuch as Emma Baker declines to support the white cube concept, which has been the traditional go up of a modernist museum to the collection and exhibition of art work, she also does not go out to support the artists of the past since, according to her todays museums privileging of newness, non-linearity, and perspective modernness seems to disavow the influence of history and the relevance of modernity.Her writings instead seem to allude to an approach which is concerned with the mediation of that art work to a diverse public, rather than the refining of the artist within a historical context. This is because, today architecture is the prevailing element that determines the quality and characteristics of art related spaces and therefore dictates the interrelation of art and space.Thus, because of the psychol ogical, aesthetic, and behavioral implications, the notion of the interrelation of art and space unavoidably to be considered within the complexity of interior space. Essentially, Baker advocates for a generic post modern approach style, which presents the concept of space in a fashion that is without precedent in architectural style, something which is widely bare in recently constructed museums and shopping malls globally. And yet, the fundamental structure underlying these new effects can also be seen as maintaining clear connections with past incarnations of the institutions built form.Precedents for this approach include the exhibitions from the teaching method and Community Program, such as Unspoken Truths (1993), and Once is Too Much (1997-1998). These exhibitions, and the programs of work from which they derived, set standards for grooming and community work within, rather than parallel to, the museums activities.Hence the idea of neutrality as espoused by the white cube is in this context dismissed within a design sensitive framework. Furthermore, Emma Baker considers that one of the key functions of a museum of modern art, through the acquisition of art works, is to challenge rather than to reinforce assumptions about definitions of art and artists. This viewpoint contributes to make a powerful argument for a new way of tone and thinking about art that is open and inclusive rather than closed an exclusive.As such, this viewpoint employs features of modernity at a generally invisible albeit fundamental level. This is so in regard to history, display and colloquy on the one hand, so that on the other, it can attempt to undercut the problems of representation associated with modernity, by referencing a post modernity that denies both historical precedents and the connection between museums and modernity as a progress-oriented project. This is humorous in relation to modernisms belief that ornament is a crime because it looks as if post modernity has been appropriated within Emma Bakers view point not as a cohering style, or as a guiding principle, but as precisely that adornment.In both asserting and critiquing the view modernity of white cube exhibition spaces through their strategies of display, Emma Bakers viewpoint may be physical evidence for the argument that modernity and post modernity do not exist in a dialectical relationship, but as influences that overlap and compete for attention.In conclusion, it is important to note that both authors, Emma Baker and Carol Duncan attempt to critique the white cubes concept of artworks that speak for themselves by employing neutrality to achieve the needed effect. Carlo Duncan approaches her criticism from the standpoint that rather than have museums with bare and unadorned walls, art exhibitions were designed to be social spaces based on the model of a living, responsive, organic entity. Emma Baker on the other hand argues that what is essentially needed is some sort of media tion of that art work to a diverse public, rather than the cultivation of the artist within a historical context.ReferenceMarie Fitzpatrick, D. The Interrelation Of Art And Space An Investigation Of Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth Century European Painting And upcountry Spacehttp//64.233.183.104/search?q=cacheStnTM_h7QVAJwww.spokane.wsu.edu/Academics/Design/documents/Theses/d_fitzpatrick_10568509.pdf+Emma+Barker+*white+cubehl=enct=clnkcd=24gl=keclient=firefox-aToorn, T. Sensing BodiesDocumentation, Preservation and Wearable reckoner Arthttp//64.233.183.104/search?q=cacheClLDm5PRsH4Jwww.docam.ca/Pedagogie/Seminaire_2006/Tai_van_Toorn.pdf+Carol+Dunkan+*white+cubehl=enct=clnkcd=10gl=keclient=firefox-a

Human Resource Management in a business is extremely important Essay Example for Free

human race Resource concern in a contrast is extremely important EssayHuman Resource Management in a business is extremely important. Good Human Resource Management can function put up a successful business as it can help keep the employees happy and satisfied.In the vacuous and recreation industry high quality human resource carry offment is vital as the go allowed by the organisations argon on a person to person basis. S o the business is dismissal to need the right tidy sum with the right skills and attitude, and also need the right managers to motivate and train supply to do well in their jobs. Human Resource Management basically means the organisation of people in a compevery, and can also be defined by the tasks, which managers undertake in the area, such(prenominal) as recruitment, training and communication with the workforce and dealing with any problems that whitethorn arise with the employees.The key qualities that the employees should welcome are that they should be well enough practised and confident enough to communicate with customers. Most handsome companies organise their rung into teams or sepa send surgical incisions, with a head or manager of section in charge.In large organisations the role of the manager is to be largely responsible for the deployment and development of employees, a province that can represent a substantial challenge and necessitate its own type of training. The manager needs to be trained in appraising round, motivating individuals or teams in applying employment legislation mightily.The roles of the Human Resource Manager in different sized organisations differ a lot. A manager in a large business would be a trained specialist and would know how to motivate his module a lot more than substanceively, as he can concentrate solely on his employees. Where as a manager in a smaller business has the equal amount of responsibility, but this result be added to the responsibility for marketing strat egies, financial decisions, stock control and some(prenominal) other jobs to do, perhaps for slight supply but none the less a complex range of roles to perform.Here at error correction code we devote a real good Human Resource Management department that motivates the stave very well and is extremely organised, we aim to pull ahead sure that our employees are happy and that thither is a palsy-walsy atmosphere evident for the customers to feel welcome.External and Internal Influences that match Human Resource cooking many a(prenominal) large and medium sized businesses today strike a personnel department. Its main role give be to manage the firms human resources. These are the employees or personnel in a business that help it to achieve its objectives. They dexterity include production workers, office staff, members of the marketing team, accountants or cleaners.Human Resource Planning is the method by which a business forecasts how many and what type of employees it nee ds at present and in the future. It also involves matching up the right type of employees to the needs of the business. A business will work pop its labour requirements, its demand, and make sure that an appropriate supply is demanded.There are many remote and internal influences that can affect the success of the human resource management team and its planning for the unawares and long term. The difference among these influences from the point of view of Human Resource Planning (HRP) is that external is out-of-door the immediate control of organisations, where as internal are more within control of organisations and can be more responsive to good HRP.The external factors can be simplified to the mnemonic PESTLE. These factors affect any leisure and recreation organisation. Each letter influences a business in different ways.Political economicSocialTechnologicalLegalEnvironmentalPoliticalThis is concerned with how political developments, regionally, nationally and internationa lly might affect a leisure and recreation businesses strategy and objectives. A change of government might affect a Leisure and Recreation provider such as our company error correction code because they whitethorn set up new policies or taxes that would mean our business may support to have to stand more shoot for tax and would consequently mean that our company would have less capital to lead on ameliorate the business, or increasing employees wages.Political Instability could also occur in the United state. This could cause upheaval within a country and could reduce the amount of people clacking your organisation. Here at ECC we may be affected, as there is a fortuity of war with Iraq, which would mean people wouldnt visit the UK or the USA as the countries could be destructed by a war. That means we wouldnt have a business, as we would not get any customers visiting our restaurants so we would end up bust.EconomicThis incorpo rank* Government form _or_ system of govern ment Monetary Policy and Interest Rates* Economic Variables Inflation and Unemployment Levels.The Monetary Policy is used to manage the level of demand in the economy with a particular emphasis on controlling the funds supply. Monetary Policy can be used to* Expand the economy by allowing more notes to circulate and increase spending.* Control spending and restricts increases in bills flowing around the economy which may lead to price rises.The government has used a variety of methods in the past to control the specie supply. One is by changing the Interest Rates. Interest Rates is the rate of which businesses and people have to pay back money on loans and on there credit cards. The Monetary Policy meet to hear how much money they want circulating in the UK economy so that it can affect the money supply and inflation.An increase in Interest Rates can reduce the money supply. If interest rates increases, the rate of borrowing rises. That can affect leisure organisations such a s ECC a bully deal because if we want to expand and develop more restaurants in the UK thence that would cost us more money to take out a loan, as the banks would charge us more interest. So then we may have to up our prices and pass on the increase of interest to our customers, which would then decrease the demand of our products, and may go to competitors such as McDonalds or Burger King.The level of inflation is when prices are rising (the rate of inflation) this also has an effect on consumer spending tending to slow down due to the high prices. repayable to the loss of demand it has a knock on effect upon suppliers, who pass the increased fixed be to companies such as ECC. That means that we would have to pay more for all our raw materials such as our food and cooking and cleaning goods and then that means increased prices. Our Human Resource Management department would be effected as that means we wouldnt be able to increase the wages of the employees like they may want, as we cant afford the rise in inflation, which could lead to de- motivation in our staff and the possibility of employees leaving.Unemployment levels at a high level, generally means the UK population as a whole has less money to spend on leisure and recreation activities, and instead spend the money on of the essence(p) goods. When employment levels are high the population feel confident and have more disposable income to spend on luxury goods or on leisure activities. That could influence our HRP in two ways. Either by having a lot of people spending a lot in our restaurant as they have more money, which means we could afford to give our employees pay rise. Which then would make our staff more motivated and then work more efficiently and produce a better assist to customers. And the opposite effect being less demand from customers and then less profit, and we would have to reduce prices to increase demand. By doing that the staff would not get any more money and become more de- m otivated.SocialThe factors include Consumer Trends, which are the trends of the UK population. If the economy is experiencing an upturn in demand that means a company such as ourselves that means we would have to employ more staff as the increase in demand needs more staff to cope with the queues and maintain our service standard of fast, quality food to our customers. So we would employ part condemnation staff so they can be flexible and if the demand decreases then we could not use them or pay them as much.Our HRP may need to be modified if there is a sudden demographic change to our customer base. There is an increase in the grey market in the United Kingdom these are the over 50s so that means we may employ more over 50 staff to appeal to the grey market as they generally have higher disposable incomes and more innocuous time to come to our restaurant. So that could be something for our HRP to decide on, so we can provide a service to a wider market and then increase our profi ts.TechnologicalWe should improve our technology in ECC by maybe having to introduce online booking at our restaurants to keep up with the ongoing advances in technology and make our company have an advantage over our competitors. It would need high levels of investment, and increasing amounts of customers means ECC would have to employ more staff and also have to pay more on training the staff to be suitably equipped to deal with the new technology which would then mean having to pay out more for the wages of the employees.LegalLegal factors could include new health and safety legislation, such as tighter fire precautions, which would mean that our employees would have to go away to an external environment to be trained correctly to make sure ECC cant be sued due to staff not being trained in health and safety.EnvironmentalHere at ECC we make sure there are no reasons why we as a company arent being environmentally friendly and then we arent matter to pressure groups demonstrating against the business, which then would lead to a loss of profit, as demand would decrease because of protestors against us.There are also internal factors that can affect businesses HRP.Structure and Ownership can lead to good and inquisitive HRP. ECC being a large hierarchical organisation has many staff on many levels need a carefully researched human resource plan, which we have to avoid poor communication between restaurants. We make sure each manager of each restaurant across the world takes into account there employees opinions to make our company better as they are the experts in their job. That is all to increase the profits of the business and make it more efficient.The Size and Location can also affect a company and its HRP. We deliver one type of service, so all staff everywhere can be trained to the similar standard across the organisation so we achieve the same results and provide the same great service. The military position of the business can also be key, because if it is come ond in the countryside instead of the town centre where we locate our restaurants then we wouldnt appeal to such a wide market and then not get as much profit, which would lead to less money being put towards our employees who are vital.

English Essay †Speeches Essay Example for Free

English Essay Speeches EssayQuestion there are as many different ways of interpreting and valuing texts, as there are readers.Of the countless speeches recorded throughout epoch a select few have transcended their original contexts and semipolitical battles to retain relevance instantly. We have viewed their progress eerywhere time as their outspoken ideas and reception withstanding relevance within our changing association regardless of fixture values. Aung San Suu Kyi, Emma Goldman and Dr. Martin Luther superpowers empowering speeches have spanned across decades, united in their aim to draw attention to a lack of immunity, arbiter and democratic rights and are unique in urging others to support their fight for disadvantaged social groups. In Aung San Suu Kyis Keynote address at the Beijing World Conference on Women in China 1995, she speaks with deep conviction regarding the lack of freedom that women suffer. So too does Emma Goldman when in 1917 she delivered The political criminal of today must needs be the saint of the impertinently age to a instrument panel consisting entirely of men. The discrimination that these two women discuss exemplifies women across the world, continuously being persecuted for their gender. Suu Kyi did not make uptake of rhetoric in her speech but instead chose to develop a sense of intimacy and appealed to her auditory senses mind through a close up video recording. Her tone and stoical admittance invites her listeners to adopt new perspectives and to include women in the political process as no war was ever started by women.Her campaign continues with an age-old proverb of her culture that the dawn rises only when the rooster crows metaphorically represent how women are subserviently treated today by the rooster. The proverb needs to change as it is beca intent the dawn appears that the rooster crows. Goldman too addresses the issue of discrimination by analysing the way women are treated by power wielding men, more specifically in the legal and political system. During her defence against claims of conspiracy she defends her anarchist target and utilises sarcasm and truncated sentences to ridicule the control board when she repeatedly declares that she is facing Gentlemen of the jury andonly gentlemen.The anaphora illustrates her despite that there are no females present in the jury, that these men are supposed to be skillful gentlemen, an oxymoron in her eyes, and so should treat her the same way they would treat others in the same position. A in-person interpretation examines mens hold on power in society but measure have changed and society must reject customs that no longer reflect the truth. Suu Kyis speech comes at a time when China is stepping out of the shadows and recognising women as their own entities when it once saw them as second class. Its reception today would not have altered since she spoke but there are more people supporting her cause and helping to fight for the freedom of women. There is global understanding that throughout history we are met with the same boundaries and are eternally urged to fight for equality and justice.These boundaries were met when Dr Martin Luther King challenged the widespread attitudes of society by calling on his fellow Ameri sacks by offering a new leaf and justice to all, no matter what race or colour. Culture in the southern states was hard segregated in 1963 and racial division was enshrined in southern custom and law. King delivered his speech when it was infallible most, however Emma Goldman delivered The political criminal of today ahead of her time as the mere idea of freedom of speech was considered scandalous. With two separate causes represented by great speakers blacks and free speech, some(prenominal) composers attempted to win their audiences support for their cause.King delivered I have a dream to a clump of 250,000 followers and millions watching on television and used rhetoric gained from his preaching days coupled with the use of many anaphoras to effectively to inflict fear upon his audience. His appeal to their emotions instilled that it would be fatalto danglethe movement and unless something is done about racial unfairness, life is worthless. Emma Goldmans clever use of rhetoric defies tradition and unlike Kings use of emotion she alienated her audience by stirring prejudicial opinions and called upon her intellect to win her battle. In 1917 when Goldman plead to the jury she sought justice in her defence against claims of conspiracy. urging the court to form an unbiased opinion and recognise her fight for freedom of speech she alludes to her fellow so called anarchists Jesus, Socrates, Galileo, Bruno, John Brown to prove she is not wrong and that nothing willmake her change her position.King was greeted with an euphoric and peaceful reception as he was seen as a freedom fighter and today in our contemporary world the significance of his speech remains evident. By appealing to both audiences intellect regarding injustice, King and Goldman aimed to persuade their respective audiences of the right path to choose. When King bellows out that the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination, his metaphoric emotive language heightens his warmheartedness for freedom for his people from more than slavery.Similarly to King, Goldman fights for justice and through a series of rhetorical questions she asks the jury a final time to please forget that I am an AnarchistHave we been diligent in a conspiracy? Have these overt acts been proven? She asks for a fair trial and to not be disadvantaged because of societys values she only wishes for justice to prevail. Sadly the jury make up her guilty but her works reception reaches a higher extent today as we can appreciate her effort in changing societys perception of free speech.While injustice was inflicted upon three social groups, A ung San Suu Kyi, Emma Goldman and Dr. Martin Luther King stood up and were three speakers who managed to defy old-fashioned social and political beliefs of their time to be recognised in our contemporary society. When delivering their speeches they gained the attention and support of a crowd through their detail presence, use of rhetoric and particularly political contextual values that aim to achieve this. In come out to be recognised they needed to give their audience a purpose and through earnest ideas of freedom, justice and democratic rights their reception has not altered from when they were delivered to now as we are continually fighting for much(prenominal) causes.

Employee Benefit and Google Essay Example for Free

Employee Benefit and Google EssayGoogle, Inc. was ranked by tidy sum magazine as the best place in the U.S. to work in 2009, and it has reached another zenith by bonny the most popular Web site. Google, Inc.s goal of providing benefits and rewards is to strip away everything that gets in our employees way (Google, 2009). Google, Inc. provides a standard package of fringe benefits, but on top of that are first-class dining facilities, gyms, lavation rooms, massage rooms, haircuts, railroad carwashes, dry cleaning, commuting buses just about anything a hardworking employee might want. Schmitt states, Lets face it programmers want to program, they dont want to do their laundry. So we make it easy for them to do both (Google, 2009). Google believes in providing both intrinsic and inessential rewards. They understand that many humans are not motivated by pay incentives alone. Google Inc. believes in administering rewards and that good company farming is vital to company succes s, therefore, Google leased a Culture Czar.Google, Inc.s CCO, Chief Culture Czar, Stacy Sullivan, is devoted to one thingmake Googlers happy. unmatched way of maintaining Google, Inc.s culture and keeping employees happy is administering the best perks and rewards (Culture, 2009). Along with its compensation and traditional extrinsic benefits such as free health and dental benefits, flex spending accounts, 401K plans, insurance, tuition reimbursement, and vacation packages, they as well as have very unique benefits. These unique benefits include maternity benefits up to 18 weeks off at approximately 100% pay. In addition, new mothers and fathers get Take-Out Benefits to help make things easier. They are provided with expenses up to $ five hundred for take-out meals during the first three months that they are home with their new baby.Additionally, Google, Inc. provides back-up child care and in the Gift unified Program, Google, Inc. matches contributions of up to $3000 per year f rom eligible employees to non-profit organizations. With Adoption Assistance, Google, Inc. assists their employees by offering financial assistance in the toleration of a child. Google, Inc. will reimburse employees up to $5000 to use towards legal expenses. Free lunch and dinner from gastronome chefs create a wide variety of healthy and delicious meals every day. Got the munchies? Google, Inc. also offers snacks to help take you in between meals. At Google headquarters in Mountain View, California employees have the convenience of see a doctor on-site.Google, Inc. is pleased to provide its Mountain View employees with free shuttles to several San Francisco, East true laurel and South Bay locations. At Google headquarters in Mountain View, there is on-site oil change, car wash, dry cleaning, massage therapy, gym, hair stylist, fitness classes and bike repair. Google, Inc. will reimburse an employee for buying a crown of thorns car, up to $5000. Google, Inc. provides other benef its, too many to list, but one can assume that their full-time culture czar is not finished inventing new ways to reward employees (Google, 2009). More than the extrinsic rewards, people who guide to come to Google, Inc. come for other reasons besides just the outward perks and rewards. They come for freedom.

Assessment Of mice and men Essay Example for Free

Assessment Of mice and men EssayOf mice and men is a novel by john Steinbeck about two migrant agricultural labourers George Milton and Lennie Small. At the outstart they be working at a bedcover in northern California. The spread head is a microcosm of the macrocosm that was in America at that quantify in 1939. During this period of failed businesses, harsh poverty, and long-term unemployment, we see how people attempted to survive on the ranch.In this essay I am going to clarify how Steinbeck presents the theme of discrimination in chapter 3. Discrimination seems curiously unpleasant on the ranch be precedent there atomic number 18 lonely, isolated characters, who looking are for friends and an escape from solitariness. In chapter 3 we see discrimination in the form of racism, ageism and sexism. The victims of discrimination in this novel are Crooks, a black stable buck Curleys Wife, the farm owners neglected daughter-in-law and Candy, an obsolescent, disabled housekeep er.Crooks, is terribly discriminated against because of his natural scratch colour, which he has no choice to change it. Spose you couldnt go into the bunk house and play rummy cause you was black this illustrates that the migrants on the ranch discriminate against him by having him left out of the gang. Furthermore he lives in a little shack on his own. They dont sue him equally in fact it almost feels identical as if they dont see him as human being. They dont care about his feelings and emotions neertheless this isolation has consequently modify his mental and physical well being.Crooks is not allowed to enter the Bunk house, whereas Candys dog can. Therefore clearly this shows that they treat animals better than him. Although the dog has someone that looks out for him, crooks has no one except his reserves. Despite him believing that Books aint no good.Crooks had a b sort out childhood where he could play with white children and socialise with them, but this discrimination against him has alter him deeply. He never accepted this way of life unlike separate slaves of his time, I got a right to have a light this shows that he is aware of his rights, even when he is having a simple talk with mentally ill Lennie, who has no idea about rights not even his.Evidently this discrimination make crooks desperate for a companionship, A guy goes nuts if he aint got cipher this demonstrates that crooks has gone to the point where he is dying for a shoulder to cry on, even Lennie with a childlike brain. Dont make no leaving who the guy is, longs hes with you, This implies that he doesnt care if the friend is white or black, furthermore it shows that crooks is not racist. He plays horseshoe all day as an attempt to be liked and be accepted for what he is.alike Candy is discriminated against because of his age. As they hit the hay that he hasnt got the physical strength to defend himself or his dog, they take favour of him and forced him to allow his only fri end to be killed. Steinbeck used this to clarify that within the society the effective ones rule the helpless and no matter what we do there depart always be slimy around us.Whynt you get candy to shoot his dog. This makes candy think that this could be the prospect for him when he gets useless. It drove chisel him to the desperation point of putting his life saving into the affords of complete strangers wanting to escape from the equivalent ending as his beloved dog. The men on the ranch describe the dog as a stinking hound and an old bastard. Candy feels dejected as he says I wish somebody would shoot me when I become useless. He feels left out and not respected because of his age as they killed his only friend, he feels that he doesnt wish to live without his precious dog anymore.Candy, a lost old man, hes missing a hand and his most reliable and trust worthy companion. i lost my hand my hand right here on this ranch, thats why they gave me a job swampin this worries candy that he will get fired soon because if he can no longer work he will be dispensable. Steinbeck used this character because the older generation would relate to him.Curleys wife is the only women on the ranch. E verybody makes manoeuvre of her they dont talk to her as a friend because shes a woman. Aint I got a right to talk to nobody? Whatta they think I am anyways?.This quotation shows that she is quarantined from the other migrants just like crooks and candy they are all isolated characters. The men on the ranch dont give a chance to get to know her personally, they just labelled her a trouble maker, and being Curleys wife doesnt do her any favour.As we never hear her real name in the book it shows how belittled she is, she is seen as a property of Curleys. Steinbeck did this because concealment in those days men were dominant and women were just seen as house wives. The men on the ranch act on their prejudice calling her nasty names such as a rattrap, jailbait, and tart. cod t o this she feels alone and discriminated against, because she is only seeking for vigilance to make friends, shes is not what they describe to be.Curleys wife is desperate for a companion just like candy and Crooks she wants someone to listen to her because Curley is never around, he never gives her the attention she needs, I dont like Curley, he aint a nice fella, clearly shows that she isnt happy, she feels trapped and lonely. Due to this she wonders around the ranch looking something to do, someone to talk to.Overall in conclusion Steinbeck carefully used these types of characters, because they each pretend different society at that time of the book. Racism was very high and discrimination against women and the elderly were very common. I think the novel has relevance in our culture it portrays the issues of discrimination and racism. I think Steinbeck wrote this book to show the world that within our society we have a disgusting habit of making other feel down.

Consumer Behavior Essay Example for Free

Consumer Behavior EssayConsumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources. Companies gravel to know how to marketplace their product in all different target group and cultural markets. Marketers necessity to know and understand everything they can about their customers, existing, and possible prospects, their personal and group influences, and how it will impact their infiltrate line.After reviewing submit 12. 2 on the top 25 U. S.Hispanic markets, I noticed tht the largest population of Hispanics are in the Texas area. Measuring consumer learning in this table shows that the Hispanic culture percentage is primarily on the west side of the United States stretching from Texas to California, so marketing must display their products in some Spanish advertising. Table 12. 3 Traditional Character tics of the Hispanic American Market showed me that Spanish shoppers are more consequence when it comes to spending, and will stick with the ir brand loyalty.The trend and impact of the consumers in this table are fashion conscious, and buy brands that ar4e advertised by their ethical group stores (Schiffman G. Kanuk, L. 2009). Table 12. 4, Ways in Which Hispanic Has Been Defined, helped me to see how marketers should target each Hispanic American market separately. In this table, recognizing how consumers learn and take up information is important because you have several different country of origins to market a product.Table 12. 5 Demographic Characteristics of U. S. Hispanic Ethnicity Types data is important because of the different groups that marketers have to target. It helps companies determine the identity to wht segment market each Hispanic family falls under. For example, there maybe weak Hispanic segment exhibits, and low ethnical identity, so why should companies market in these areas that have little to do with determining a consumer media behavior.